Strengthened Breakthroughs in Key Core Technologies with Innovation Achieved Prominent Results
Grasping AI Development Direction and Seizing Opportunities to Create Value


Notes:

  • RDO: Fundamental research (R), applied technological research and development (D) and operational development (O)
  • R&D expense growth is calculated from R&D expense figures based on Chinese Accounting Standards (“CASs”)
  • PQC: Post Quantum Cryptography refers to cryptographic technologies and relevant algorithms capable of resisting quantum computer attacksCloud-network integrationXirang: PRC’s first operator-grade cloud platformachieved adoption of full stack domestic inferenceservice with DeepSeek modelBreakthroughs in key technologies such as distributedinference, hybrid training and inference, and hundred-km lossless transmissionOptimising RDO innovation system